Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

What is the clinical term for difficulty breathing in a supine position?

1. Orthopnea

2. Dyspnea

3. Apnea

4. Bradypnea

The correct answer is: Orthopnea

The clinical term for difficulty breathing while lying flat in a supine position is orthopnea. This condition often occurs in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where the supine position can increase venous return to the heart or change lung mechanics, making it more difficult to breathe. Orthopnea is distinguished from other respiratory terms. Dyspnea refers to general difficulty in breathing but does not specify a position, meaning a patient could experience dyspnea while sitting or standing as well. Apnea denotes a temporary cessation of breathing, which is not applicable to the context of difficulty breathing in a particular position. Bradypnea describes an abnormally slow respiratory rate, which also does not relate directly to positional breathing difficulties. Thus, orthopnea captures the specific scenario of breathing difficulties related to lying down.