Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

What type of medication is utilized to reduce preload and vascular volume in heart failure and hypertension?

1. Diuretics

2. Inhaled corticosteroids

3. Mucolytics

4. Bronchodilators

The correct answer is: Diuretics

Diuretics are specifically designed to help manage conditions such as heart failure and hypertension by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through the kidneys. This action effectively reduces blood volume and subsequently decreases preload, which is the amount of blood returning to the heart. In heart failure, reducing preload can alleviate the burden on the heart, allowing it to function more efficiently and reduce symptoms such as shortness of breath and fluid overload. In patients with hypertension, reducing vascular volume leads to lower blood pressure, as it decreases the overall fluid within the circulatory system. By targeting the underlying issues associated with excess fluid retention, diuretics can significantly improve patient outcomes in these conditions. The other medications listed serve different purposes: inhaled corticosteroids are primarily used for managing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); mucolytics help to thin and clear mucus congestion; and bronchodilators are aimed at opening the airways in respiratory conditions. None of these are indicated for reducing preload or vascular volume in heart failure or hypertension. Thus, diuretics stand out as the appropriate choice for the question.