Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

Which muscle pattern features shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation upon completion?

1. D1 flexion pattern

2. D2 extension pattern

3. D2 flexion pattern

4. Symmetrical tonic neck reflex

The correct answer is: D1 flexion pattern

The D1 flexion pattern is characterized by a specific combination of movements that includes shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation, especially when considering the position of the arm as it raises towards the opposite shoulder. This pattern is part of PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) techniques, which utilize diagonal patterns of movement that are often used to facilitate improved coordination and strength in rehabilitation settings. In the context of the other patterns, the D2 extension pattern involves shoulder abduction and internal rotation, which is quite different from the characteristics outlined in the question. The D2 flexion pattern includes shoulder flexion, but it is coupled with abduction and external rotation, again differing from the criteria specified. The symmetrical tonic neck reflex is a reflex mechanism related to head positioning influencing arm and leg movements rather than a specific muscle pattern relevant to shoulder movements. Consequently, identifying the unique end position of the D1 flexion pattern makes it clear that the movements described are accurately represented by this particular pattern, reinforcing its importance in therapeutic practices and functional movement training.