Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

Which of the following is observed in stage IV pressure ulcers?

1. Partial-thickness tissue loss

2. Full-thickness tissue loss with slough present

3. Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone

4. Ulcers covered by eschar only

The correct answer is: Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone

Stage IV pressure ulcers are characterized by full-thickness tissue loss, which means that the ulcer extends through the skin and subcutaneous tissue, possibly exposing muscle, tendon, or bone. The presence of exposed bone is a critical aspect of stage IV ulcers, as it indicates a severe level of tissue damage and a lack of covering that can facilitate healing. This stage represents the most serious type of pressure ulcer, necessitating aggressive treatment and often surgical intervention to promote healing and prevent complications such as infections. In contrast, other stages describe less severe tissue damage. For instance, partial-thickness tissue loss indicates a stage where the ulcer has not penetrated through the full thickness of the skin. Slough presence signifies a certain level of tissue necrosis but does not reach the level of exposing bone. Ulcers covered by eschar may not provide enough clarity on the extent of damage but do not specifically describe stage IV conditions. Understanding these distinctions is essential for proper assessment and treatment in a clinical setting.