Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

Which physiological change contributes to an increased risk of skin breakdown in elderly patients?

1. Increased subcutaneous adipose tissue

2. Decreased muscle mass

3. Decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue

4. Increased hydration

The correct answer is: Decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue

The correct choice highlights the physiological change of decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue as a significant factor contributing to an increased risk of skin breakdown in elderly patients. As individuals age, the amount of subcutaneous fat in their bodies tends to diminish. This layer of fat serves as a cushion that protects the skin and underlying tissues from pressure and mechanical stress. With less adipose tissue, the skin becomes more vulnerable to pressure ulcers and other forms of breakdown, particularly in areas that are prone to pressure, such as the heels, sacrum, and elbows. In addition, the diminished fat layer reduces the natural insulation and protection that helps maintain skin integrity and moisture, further exacerbating the risks. In elderly patients, this physical vulnerability is often compounded by reduced mobility and other health issues, making them more susceptible to skin injuries. By understanding how decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue impacts skin resilience, healthcare providers can take preventive measures, such as repositioning patients regularly and ensuring proper nutrition, to help maintain skin health and prevent breakdown.